The higher the heel the more precarious a position you put your feet and legs in. Higher heels limit the amount of work that the soleus can do, as well as limit the ankle's ability to handle impact, and creates a more unstable environment (being higher of ground), and puts more pressure on the forefoot.
People will put in heel lifts to relieve calf/achilles strains because it will, essentially, allow for some "slack" in the complex. But, things will, of course, constict with time, and then the soft tissue that run along the backside of the leg have lost range of motion, strength and flexibility.
Virtually every runner I have seen with a calf/soleus/achilles injury runs in high heeled shoes. Every runner I can think of that has safely transitioned to lower, flatter shoes, has zero problems (now, you can probably argue a fallacy or two, given the volume of runners one will see running in standard shoes as opposed to those who run in flats, but nonetheless, applying this technique has fixed many injuries).