1) You should look in the German-Meetings circuit. Usually 5-6 second tier European meetings (some of them are EAA permit though). Rehlingen, Dessau, Cottbus, Kassel, Regensburg, Cuxhaven, Biberach. These are great small meets. You will probably need an agent to get in them though, and at the moment you would probably run B race level which are still great races (3.45 1500m etc etc) - I don't know what your goals are.
2) Most regional champs aren't really worth running in because the level now is quite low. South German and North German champs aren't too bad though. If you get in with a club, it won't be a problem running them - I never needed a "startpass" (?) to run in Germany. By the way, running German champs (which is a great meet) is out of the question unless you have a German passport.
3) As for being paid to run for a club, I'm not being negative here but at the moment no club in Germany will actually pay for you (as a foreigner) to compete for them. Firstly, because all the money in club athletics in Germany has dried up and its hard enough for them to pay their own elite athletes and secondly your times are solid but not at the level to be a paid athlete. I would say for a German to be paid these days they need to be a top 3 contender at German champs and over 1500m-5000m be at sub 3.40, sub 13.35 level. A foreigner - 3.36-37 and 13.15-10. I'm not kidding.
(how do I know this? I was lucky enough to be paid to run for a club in Baveria for 8 years - I did run at an Olympics and World Championships though)
Other countries have good meets, but your problem will be money and getting there because its not just Germany where the money is drying up for second tier meets. With your times you could run Folksam in Sweden, also maybe Elitikisaat in Finland, but you would need to pay to get there and for your own accommodation and there is no guarantee of starts or fast races after shelling out for expensive flights, arduous travel etc. I would recommend you look into the Flanders Cup series in Belgium - its easy to get from Germany (especially North or West Germany) and there are HEAPS of second tier guys in Europe who are all still very good running there throughout the summer. There was always heaps of college guys staying in places like Leuven when I was still in Europe. Entry isn't by invite and they are usually pretty fair with regards to seedings. Word of advice - If you are 3.47 guy, you have "run" 3.44 and so forth. Trust me, everyone does it and you do what you can to get in those faster races.
Single most important thing? If you are serious about a "career" - get an agent of some type. It doesn't have to be (and won't be) Mark Wetmore or Paul Doyle, but just someone. Ask anyone you know who knows someone - you never know.
As for your club in Germany, depending on where you are/want to live, find a good club, write to the athletes manager (Sportleiter), tell him who you are, what you are doing, that you have run faster then you really have and see if you can run for the club. Then run fast and let it take care of itself - that's also the best advice I can give.
Good luck.