The runners I have coached for 10k have all done a big mileage. The least mileage of any of them would be Dominic Bannister who ran 28-43 on a maximum of about 75. Most ran 80 minimum in the heaviest period of training. In the "olden days" as it were the runners I trained with or coached did not go on the track until March or April as we only had a soggy cinder track. Hence a really good base was developed over the years. Even the slowest runners in our club were running 60 or so miles a week. Most runners got out of bed and ran in the morning, went to work and then ran straight after work. As has been discussed earlier in this thread, nowadays its a totally different game. There are demands of work which are far greater than earlier and even just getting to the training venue now causes problems . Some of my group live at the other side of the Tyne and its just blocked with traffic and a nightmare at rush hour. Then there is the problem of young runners not being even basically aerobically fit and several years behind say the Africans in their mid teens compared to the days of our greatest strength in depth.
There are numerous other factors but you have asked about my groups 10k training nowadays.
My typical week for a 10k runner would be as follows but the distance for each run would vary with the individual. Sunday - long easy run : Monday 2 runs - one easy and one steady not quicker than 5 -10 beats slower than threshold. Tuesday 1 easy run plus track session which would be reps at 3k, 5k or 10k pace or a mixture. The session would be based on the runners current fitness and goals so we would have several different groups .Wednesday 1 easy run : Thursday 1 easy run and one longer steady run - 2nd longest run of week as Monday not above 5 -10 beats below threshold depending on individual.. Friday - one or 2 easy runs. Saturday 1 off-road session - half an hour run before the session. Mixed reps changing each week but probably about 6k worth of efforts - hill loops - long reps -sometimes runs with some reps on the track and some on grass. As opposed to Tuesday, everyone does these sessions together other than some may do threshold runs or threshold test. The amount of mileage , length of runs . track sessions are tailored to each individual and some take a rest day each week which would be Wednesday. Freya Murray who won the Scottish Cross Country for example rests on Wednesdays. When preparing for a specific race I would take a 6 week block of increased mileage followed by 2 weeks of sharpening work and one week of tapering. Again however this is tailored to the individual. When I used this on one particular runner her best race was at the end of the 6 week block of mileage and not in the race she was aiming for . I therefore targeted the next race at the end of the 6 week block rather than the original formula. The result was a massive breakthrough to finish 6th in the World X trails. She improved over 5 years to go from 40 mins for 10k to finish 3rd in last years 3As 10k on the track. Another runner ran her best race at the end of 5 weeks so we targeted this years Inter counties X-Country at the end of 5 weeks with a taper of once a day runs with 2 easy sessions on the week of the race. The result was another break through to finish 6th. The first person I applied this formula to wwas Charlie Spedding who used it when he won the 3As 10k and also when he moved up to Marathon to win london and a bronze in the Olympics. I apply variations of the buildup for each runner. With Mark Hudspith for example only 5 weeks of mileage - 1 week sharpen and 1 week easy produced 2-13 marathon. Some need an easy week between the mileage build up periods - say 2 weeks mileage then 1 easy week followed by the same again then sharpen. Dom Bannister was the most consistent of our runners in European and World X-Country for a few years and also ran 2-13 marathon using this formula.
The point of all this is that I believe that you start of with certain basics ie mileage - reps which get you used to running at the pace you wish to race at :- enough recovery so that you do not get overtrained or injured :- consistency :- threshold runs and variations of them are vital I think :- The right number of races which must show your improvement.
Once the consistency is established and a high level of fitness achieved then think about peaking for a race. Its no use using the above method unless you are very fit to start with . Its finding what works for you that is the greatest challenge and its here that a coach is necessary. There were letters in the Athletics weekly questioning the usefulness of coaches and that all a runner needed to do was get out and run hard and long. There is some validity in this as you will run better running a high mileage(provided its not too much and resulting in injury) than being given 3 sessions a week by a coach who insists on watching you and being in control all the time. But analyising training so that there is a definate progression is surely done better by someone who can take a detached view and has gained the experience to know what might work for one person but not for another. There are good coaches and bad coaches and the simple guide is to look at there runners performances when they first came to that coach and look at the progress the runner makes on an ongoing basis not just immediate results because they are training harder.
Quite a long winded reply and dont know if it helps as I would need even more long windedness to explain how I work out what suits each individual.