I believe genetics do play a big role in this, also if we see the soccer matches they play, they do have stamina and speed, but they lack the intelligence on the field.
I also think money has something to do with it. For a Kenyan the $5000.00 they can make in a road race will set them up comfortably for years. For an American you'd pay the rent and have enough money left over for a month comfortably.
$5000 could do some good, but it won't set up anyone in Kenya comfortably for years. You're just pulling stuff out of your I don't know what.
Check out the average yearly income for Kenya. $2000.00 makes you very comfortable for a year.
The best explanation is that they are not. Bikila's fastest marathon is 2:12:11.2.
Further explanation is that even by 1960's world standards, Bikila's best marathon times are slow:
2:15:16.2 Abebe Bikila Ethiopia September 10, 1960 Rome, Italy 2:15:15.8 Toru Terasawa Japan February 17, 1963 Beppu-Ōita Marathon 2:14:28 Leonard Edelen United States June 15, 1963 Polytechnic Marathon 2:14:43 Brian Kilby United Kingdom July 6, 1963 Port Talbot, Wales 2:13:55 Basil Heatley United Kingdom June 13, 1964 Polytechnic Marathon 2:12:11.2 Abebe Bikila Ethiopia October 21, 1964 Tokyo, Japan 2:12:00 Morio Shigematsu Japan June 12, 1965 Polytechnic Marathon 2:09:36.4 Derek Clayton Australia December 3, 1967 Fukuoka Marathon 2:08:33.6 Derek Clayton Australia May 30, 1969 Antwerp, Belgium
All Bikila really proves is how antiquated and out of touch with reality your understanding of marathon performance is, for thinking that performances from 60 years ago would even be relevant in any discussion about performance today.
Women are running faster than Bikila did in Rome. They are approaching his best time at Tokyo - they are only 2 minutes away. He was an endurance-trained athlete of exceptional talent. So how is it they are approaching his best? There is a limit on the weekly mileage that works for top runners - they won't be putting in more distance than he did. There is only one thing that would enable them to draw level.
There is only one time proven thing -- better training. There is a compelling argument for a second factor in recent years: new shoes.
So now you've backpedaled -- the women of today are not faster than Bikila.
Once again, the main explanation for your awkward question is that your chosen benchmark from another era is absurdly slow, even for his own era. Bikila's time from 62 years ago, in Rome, is slow, when compared to his time in Tokyo, and compared to 6 other athletes from 4 other countries, from the 1960s, not to mention hundreds or thousands of athletes with thousands if not 10s of thousands of performances, from athletes of all continents. As great as Bikila was in 1960 and 1964, just one year later, the great Shigematsu surpassed him (why aren't you comparing the women to Shigematsu?), and three years later Derek Clayton was breaking sub-2:10.
The only thing that emerges from these threads is the resolute refusal by running fans to accept the obvious, that doping is an inextricable factor in modern elite sports performance - and in some sports and countries it is the norm.
How is it so obvious, when doping is global, present in all countries, and has been for decades, while winning marathons and long distances races are not similarly global, but often confined to athletes consistently from the same selected regions in highlands?
Such fantastic ideas about the powerful significance of doping for elite "marathons and long distance races" performance would only start to become credible if other countries most known to dope, like Russia, had achieved similar outstanding performances.
The question isn't what fans resolutely refuse to accept, but why distance running athletes from the Americas, from Europe, from Asia, and from Oceania, resolutely refuse to accept the obvious, and develop their own athlete experience of similarly "winning marathons and long distance races", given what we know about human nature of athletes. If Italian and Dutch managers/agents can make it happen for Kenyans/Ethiopians, surely other Italian/Dutch managers/agents could make that happen for Italians and Dutch.
We saw in cycling that doping culture exists globally.
The only answer has to be genetics, when Kenyans and Ethiopians grow up outside of Africa yet still dominate their competition in North America and Europe.
It has absolutely everything to do with genetics, it’s literally been shown over and over again
Greater bone density ( that’s why black people cant swim no buoyancy)
Better anatomy for running - longer tendon like the Achilles which creates Bert economy as well as putting the calf higher which means less energy is required in the swing phase of the leg because the mass is higher up
most likely better gonatropin function/hormone profile especially at lower body weigh, most Caucasian get rail skinny and destroy there testosterone Africans are naturally lean because of environmental selection
Specific altitude adaptations particularly in the Oromo and kalenjin tribes that are significantly different from other highlanders
Higher prevalence of ACTN 3 gene which allows for less injury and better utilisation of fast twitch muscles hence why most top Africans can close the last lap quick (90-80% prevalence)
if anything your only really seeing the African that are durable enough to survive the training not the most talented ones that probably succumb to injury and don’t have the infrastructure to continue e.g physio
people use the word “superior” when it should be more suited/adapted and this doesn’t mean that Caucasian can’t run it just means that less of them will have favourable phenotypes
you can also look at the African diaspora for example in 2016 who made up the 5km team for rio in USA ?
You have found a single study that doesn't even address how this may relate to distance running. Here's a summary article that obtains links to a lot more studies that show the exact opposite. The key line:
"the overall findings of these research studies have not identified genetic traits that could conclusively explain the success of East African distance runners."
Diana Kipyokei faces a ban and the loss of her 2021 Boston Marathon title over a positive drug test and claims that she tried to obstruct an investigation.
Seven countries now feature in Category A, which the AIU Board considers having the highest risk level. Bahrain, Belarus, Ethiopia, Kenya and Ukraine featured in the category in 2019 and will remain at the level in 2020. Morocco and Nigeria have now been added.
Kenya and Ethiopia and Morocco - the other four don't have this running culture to a comparable extent (and neither did the worst offender, Russia, in the past).
The only thing that emerges from these threads is the resolute refusal by running fans to accept the obvious, that doping is an inextricable factor in modern elite sports performance - and in some sports and countries it is the norm.
How is it so obvious, when doping is global, present in all countries, and has been for decades, while winning marathons and long distances races are not similarly global, but often confined to athletes consistently from the same selected regions in highlands?
Such fantastic ideas about the powerful significance of doping for elite "marathons and long distance races" performance would only start to become credible if other countries most known to dope, like Russia, had achieved similar outstanding performances.
The question isn't what fans resolutely refuse to accept, but why distance running athletes from the Americas, from Europe, from Asia, and from Oceania, resolutely refuse to accept the obvious, and develop their own athlete experience of similarly "winning marathons and long distance races", given what we know about human nature of athletes. If Italian and Dutch managers/agents can make it happen for Kenyans/Ethiopians, surely other Italian/Dutch managers/agents could make that happen for Italians and Dutch.
We saw in cycling that doping culture exists globally.
Cycling is a professional team sport and has been for over 100 years, with the top teams having budgets in the tens of millions, and in which doping has been accepted as part of the sport since the 1890's.
The only answer has to be genetics, when Kenyans and Ethiopians grow up outside of Africa yet still dominate their competition in North America and Europe.
And often get busted, just like they do back home.
Moroccans and Algerians dominate the violent crime rate in places like France and Spain. Is that genetics too? I just watched a news video of Moroccan 'Dutch' tourists almost beating to death a waiter in my city. Is that genetics? Or is it - as most would believe - simply their culture being transported to their new countries (and even then they would be called racist)? Moroccans and Algerians also dominated French, Spanish, Belgian distance running during the EPO era, and their performances declined when testing became available and many were busted, just like in their native countries. But according to you, it proves Moroccans and Algerians are 'natural born runners' too? Or perhaps half-way between East Africans and Europeans when it comes to the distance running racial heirarchy of genetics?
Britain became the first Western nation in 2,500 years to appoint a black African man as the head of the economy 3 weeks ago, and within a couple of days there was a run on the pound sterling, and the British economy came close to collapsing last week. Do you draw any similar racist assumptions about African genetics from that as you do about Ethiopians and Kenyans 'dominating' races in their new countries?
I didn't say you were. But you aren't Kenyan, either, while purporting to speak with authority about every aspect of their daily lives. You left out the fact they dope to the gills.