One thing I would add though, is that for me ( and quite a few other cyclists) is that there's a pattern to FTP and CTL, no matter how you got there. I've reached my peak cycling CTL on a number of different training cycles, with totally different training to get there (sub threshold was the fastest way) but my 10 mile TT times were always mid to low 18s and my FTP around 315-20. If my CTL dropped off hugely in the winter, I could also roughly guess as a % of decrease what when I did my dreaded power test in January, the condition I was in. It's definitely not linear, but I'm seeing the same patterns now in running, using basically the same principles.
To make it clear, I think this basic way of looking at it is mostly limited to a time crunched athlete. As in, to take it to a basic level , I would be surprised if someone who was on 5-7 hours a week wasn't at their fittest, if they just maximised their training load whilst balancing recovery. We are 40 pages in and I still stand by that for me to do that on my 7 hours a week, sub threshold 3x a week is almost certainly the best way , whilst looking at the theory of the stress it will accumulate but also looking at my fitness progression in real life. Obviously that's only applicable to me over a year, but KI is also a very good case study anyway can go look at , because he's literally shared a couple of years of data.
Way back I shared the example of me just doing the turbo for a couple of hours a day or so 7 days a week, which also got me really fit (was probably just below sweetspot). I could have easily got even fitter doing that and throwing in one or two threshold or above work. But long term, I couldn't find the time. I only did it because I was off work with a broken collarbone so had limitless time. With limitless time, a more traditional approach with lots and lots of running and a lower % of harder work, will almost certainly be better. As in a pro might double and do 4x sub threshold sessions a week + some hill work, but % wise, almost certainly less than the 25% of weekly time proposed here. It's why I've always been iffy on Seiler the more I've thought about it. On 5 hours a week, I mean really, say 1 hour sub threshold is that really all one can handle? Not in my experience.
As I said yesterday, once you get into the elite territory, it's much more of a balancing act and issues like overtraining actually become genuine concerns.