muso2 wrote:
Ok but 8 hours a day is still way too much for a beginner.
My guess is that neither of you are physicists and you do not understand the nature of collaboration in science. Sometimes a collaborator serves to act as a foil or sympathetic ear. It doesn’t mean that the collaborator contributed materially to a discovery.
Einstein worked largely in a vacuum for much of his career. His discoveries were so avante-garde that it took many decades after his work before it could even be understood. In understandable terms, here’s some simple accounting for his best work:
1) Ph.D. Thesis - essential ‘proves’ the existence of atoms by providing a calculation of Avogadro’s number. Uses observations of Brownian motion of small particles (i.e. pollen grains or silica spheres) to show that an unfathomably large number of particles strike the particles to account for the motion. (Worthy of a Nobel Prize, Part 1 of Annus Mirablus).
2) Photoelectric Effect - explains earlier observations of the interaction of light of different colors with various metals. Shows that there is a 1:1 interaction between light and current carriers in a metal. Gives credence to the ‘quantum hypothesis’ unwillingly advanced by both Planck and Einstein. (Won a Nobel Prize, Part 2 of Annus Mirablus).
3) Special Relativity I - length contraction and time dilation. No two observers will agree on where and when something happened if at least one is moving relative to the other. Introduces classic thought problems like the Twin Paradox. I could go on for a while but this work has never been appreciated. (Worthy of a Nobel Prize, Part 3 of Annus Mirablus).
4) Special Relativity II - probably Einstein’s most famous work. Often expressed as E = mc^2, but this is an incomplete description. Mass-Energy equivalence is up there with inertia and third law as misunderstood Physics. (Worthy of a Nobel Prize, Part 4 of Annus Mirablus).
There are very few people that would disagree that Einstein is at least worthy of four Nobel prizes at this point in his career. However, three out of the four papers didn’t see much appreciation until much later
5) General Relativity (1905-1915) - Einstein’s life work. He essentially showed how the gravitational fields produces by massive bodies were produced by the effect of massive bodies embedded in the curved space of space-time. Uses the obscure work of a German mathematician named Riemann and works largely in isolation. There is nobody in the world thinking about this problem in a coherent way besides him. Modern take: your GPS doesn’t work without his calculations as satellites in low-earth orbit do not work without his calculations. In one account, he described it as 10 years of fumbling in the dark. (Worthy of a Nobel Prize, one the greatest snubs of Nobel History, up there with Rosalind Franklyn and Jocelyn Bell).
6) Lasers (1917) - In work that is probably too obscure for a short description to a lay audience, Einstein showed that stimulated emission of radiation was an important part of light-matter interaction. In high fluxes, this can lead to an amplification in a suitably designed cavity. Led directly to the development of the LASER. (Worthy of a Nobel Prize, never fully recognized}
7) EPR Paradox (1935) - Probably too hard for most lay people to appreciate or recognize. IMO, one of the hardest papers of the group to appreciate. However, even in his failure, Einstein showed that QM required a radically different way of thought about the link between space-time and sub-atomic interactions. {Definitely worth an additional Nobel, hampered by the ‘Jewish science’ fiends of the nascent third reich.
So I’ve laid out 7 individual Nobel prizes that should have been awarded to Einstein. Lesser luminaries like Bardeen and Curie have won two.
The essential genius of Einstein is that he could have won many more Nobel prizes if he cared about it. However, his reach and touch is all over modern science. For clarity, I have left many other important papers from this discussion. This is why Einstein is regarded as the epitome of Genius and any other comparisons fail utterly. Even if he collaborated with 100 people in this work (more like 5-7), he is the greatest intellect that we have known in Physics.
Genius exists. It is rare, and it can work alone or with a chosen few. 10,000 hours does not begin to describe it and if you just memorize what came before you, you cannot pretend to that throne.