Bloomington, Indiana, home of Indiana University.
Very hilly region of the state, so it's easy to get in a challenging run. In fact, there are only a few really flat routes for recovery days, but there are enough. The hills around Griffey Lake are borderline stupid in their incline, but the route through Cascade Park with rushing stream is about as good as it gets. (Jim Spivey once dropped a 3:59 mile in the middle of an eight mile run on one of the flat routes. That was how the workout was designed, btw. We had two other runners on the team who would eventually break 4 that next spring, and they ran 4:12 and 4:14 in that workout, so we think Jim's 3:59 was legit.)
There are a number of good facilities to both train and race. Obviously more if you are associated with the university, but you can join the IU Club to get access to most fitness facilities.
The weather is . . . well, hell . . . no prize. Bloomington is in that region of the country where there's a 110-degree temperature change from the highest high to the lowest low each year, but that just make you tougher (right?)
And the university has had 173 Olympians (2 of whom were my roommates. I lost a lot while I was there). More on that:
https://blogs.libraries.indiana.edu/iubarchives/2012/07/18/olympic-greats/
So there is a lot of tradition in the community for Olympic-type sports.
Lastly, here's a Runner's World feature on Bloomington:
http://www.runnersworld.com/where-to-run/bloomington-indiana
If you're in the area, enjoy a run there! But don't even search for the Griffey Lake run. It's the Valley of Doom.