mostlyacyclist wrote:
Again, not really in disagreement, but ultimately I do think you need controlled studies though, because looking at trends is only going to give a partial picture when there are so many confounding factors (ie shoes, improvements in training, etc.) I'm also not convinced studies on amateurs give the most accurate representation of the effects of many peds, especially if the benefit of many drugs is that they simply allow you to train more and recover faster. Then there is of course the issue where any study done on amateurs, there will be those that say it doesn't apply to pros.
I'd still contend that studies on elite athletes would actually be a good use of the global anti-doping budget (frankly it would be a drop in the bucket if done correctly).
Regarding "only East Africans doping to win", that does seem to be a sentiment on this site, and it doesn't really make any sense to me. It seems logical that their methods may be less sophisticated and therefore they get caught at a higher rate, but it's hard to say much beyond that. It certainly doesn't explain the rise of Norwegians in running and triathlon or Slovenians in cycling. All of these things could of course be random, but they certainly don't lend credence to the "only africans are doping" argument.
Earlier you said "we know something produces performance gains". This is where the problem starts, because this grossly overstates what "we know", when it comes to performance gains in distance running events, especially for the men.
I'm all for long term controlled studies when the right studies are done properly on representative subjects. There were recently (at least) two meta-studies that reviewed decades of blood doping performance research which concluded that most performance studies were sub-standard (e.g no blinding, or no controls), and from the few that were not, they did not support exagerrated performance benefits you suggest "we know". I'm also not convinced WADA is motivated to determine whether performance enhancement from doping is real. In fact, finding out some doping doesn't always "work" will only muddy their message and sow doubt in their supporters. It is better for WADA to keep some mystery and mythology alive. WADA's criteria for banning a substance is the low bar of "potential to enhance performance" -- such an assessment made subjectively each year by an "expert panel".
While real world trends might be confounded by supershoes, track improvements, training improvements, diet improvements, opportunity improvements, etc., the lack of any performance improvement trend where predicted speaks much more loudly. The most notable thing I found in my two all time performance reviews was the near universal lack of any trend of significant improvement among the largest set of non-African populations, many of who were known to dope. Depending on the event, non-African men generally peaked in the 1980s, or, in the marathon, by 2000. If doping worked as advertised, we should have already seen significant performance improvements worldwide in the 1990s, rather than just a few regions in East and North Africa, and a few women in China and Eastern Europe/Russia. Furthermore, in an (unofficial) assessment of 12 years of IAAF blood doping test results for 5000 athletes, Kenyan and Ethiopian blood doping was below the global average, and they were not even in the top-10 worst blood doping suspected nations. Russia was the top by far, and they have no Russian men running faster than the stars of the '80s, and fewer Russian women than Japan, one of the least suspicious doping nations there is.