short answer - micro dosing it passes through the system quickly so you can cheat and never fail a test
Most never get caught.
They retire before this happens.
Many look forward to retirement because they can now stop taking drugs.
Some don't consider what they are doing as illegal (calling it a gray area).
Here is how the last game is played. Coaches or team doctor tells athletes to start taking a drug (which will improve their performance, but it is not on the list of banned substances = so therefore not technically illegal).
Athlete takes drug. Performance improves. Is it a performance enhancing drug? Yes, of course it is. that is why they are taking it- to enhance performance. but it is not on the list of banned substances - yet. True, but you are taking a drug for condition that you do not have (like asthma or a heart condition). A doctor has prescribed it to you knowing you do not have the condition. Its only purpose is to improve you performance. Is this cheating? Yes and the doctor who prescribed it should be sanctioned as well. WADA finds out athletes are taking the drug. Adds it to the list. Athlete stops taking it. and the games continues. next drug.
the above story is exactly what happened with the drug that Maria Sharapova got busted for and i know an athlete (who is by the way against PED in sports and considers herself a clean athlete) who admitting to taking it before it was added to the list because it helped open up her lungs etc. and stopped taking it once it got added to the list. again, i ask, is this cheating? YES but those doing the taking do not think that it is and this is the real problem in our sport.
i think part of the solution is every athlete should have to reveal what they are taking no matter if it is illegal or not.
and athletes, if you are taking something/anything you must consider that you are a cheating unless what you are taking is for a real condition...and if it is, you should not be afraid to reveal that for the sake of a clean sport.
Most are using PED's.
Not all.