Some of you are so lazy, the answers to the things you claim are secret (aside from the allegations against Salazar) like how the Center has the authority to do this and where their funding comes from are easily found via Google. Most of them have also been addressed at some point in this thread.
I reported (as a third party reporter) a coach for sexual misconduct in 2017, before the US Center for SafeSport even opened. It ended up being one of their first cases, and he received a lifetime ban in 2018. He had been investigated by law enforcement multiple times, but no charges were ever filed. He is very much still coaching today, just not at USATF events.
As mentioned previously in this thread, SafeSport bans are much more limited than doping bans. They are banned from the Olympic movement (so Salazar could not coach at USA Triathlon events, for example). Salazar cannot participate (i.e. coach, compete, officiate, etc) at USATF sanctioned events. He could be a spectator (unless the meet director doesn't allow him in). Heck, apparently he could hang out in the Nike VIP area and that would be cool, like Mark Block.
Most track meets in the US are not USATF sanctioned. There is nothing stopping Salazar from coaching at any high school/college/AAU meet in this country, unless those groups or individual meet directors choose to ban him. AAU has absolutely zero concern about athlete safety, and they are trying to get into the business of sanctioning adult meets, so that's not as far fetched of an idea as it sounds, and of course the bulk of elite marks set on US soil are set at college meets.
Athletes who train with coaches banned by SafeSport are not punished for training with them, though no USATF/USOPC funds could be used toward that purpose.
SafeSport means nothing outside the US. I suspect he is fairly unhireable at this point due to all of the allegations between SafeSport and doping, but I would not be shocked if some middle eastern country was willing to hire him. I have no idea what he wants to do though.
I have now been involved in multiple SafeSport cases in a variety of ways, and I have talked to victims in a variety of sports who have been involved in SafeSport cases.
My experience has been that the Center is not very consistent in their punishments for people who violate the SafeSport Code.
The allegations that have been made public against Salazar include NUMEROUS violations of the SafeSport Code. Also keep in mind that many of the doping violations he is accused of are also violations of the SafeSport Code. Yes, you could theoretically get punished by both agencies for the same action, though SafeSport would not normally be touching a doping case unless it is part of a larger pattern of abuse.
As others have mentioned, there is no specific punishment tied to specific Code violations. I have seen coaches accused of more serious things than the public allegations against Salazar have no public action taken against them.
And sadly, this story being in the media means the Center gave it lots of attention, while other cases are taking years to resolve. I literally had the Center take almost a year and a half just to decide jurisdiction on a case (non sexual cases are generally handed over to the NGBs), and the investigation cannot even start until the Center decides whose case it is. That case will hit the three year mark soon. The investigator ghosted the victims nearly a year ago.
The Letsrun article is accurate... it is possible he was banned solely based on allegations already made public, or it is possible that there are more serious allegations that were not made public.
At the end of the day, victims don't owe you their story. SafeSport has the authority to ban Salazar from the Olympic movement, and an independent arbitrator upheld their decision. There is due process, please read the SafeSport Code.
The problem with SafeSport is not that Salazar got banned, it is that many more coaches have been reported for abusing athletes and have walked away with no punishment. If you and your abuser are just a "nobody" in the Olympic movement, and there are no criminal charges related to your case, justice can be very hard to come by.
At the end of the day, it wouldn't matter if one of Salazar's athletes came out with explicit allegations of sexual misconduct. They would be accused of lying, the serious nature of the allegations would be downplayed, the abuse of power would be downplayed, etc. If there are more allegations out there, I don't blame the victim(s) one bit for not coming forward publicly.