Direct from the study, “Due to the large number of runners, we were not able to arrange a test-run over, e.g., 5000 m or 3000 m for all the runners. However, by collection of race results the same year as the physiological tests were performed, the range of performance was found to be from 8.05 to 13.30 min in 3000 m.” Seems reasonable then that the 1500m-5000m would fit the researchers definition of “long distance runners” and your definition of “highly aerobic events”?
Great, so back to %LT and vLT… it’s not simply a shorter race distance I’m talking about, it’s the metabolic profile (meaning both VO2max and Lamax) and muscle fiber profile! Take two runners with the same VO2max but differing lactate max values. To get to the arbitrarily defined LT that this study proposed (baseline lactate plus a constant), the runner with the lower lactate max will be working at a higher percent of their VO2max thus faster relative vLT, than the runner with the higher lactate max. Since, for the runner with the higher lactate max, the intensity (% VO2max) doesn’t need to be as high to generate the arbitrary lactate value.
Now, tying that in with the range of athletes in this study and based on the mathematical model of the lactate threshold that Alois Mader defined (which frames the process in terms of the underlying generative mechanism based on ATP, ADP, and AMP production), the variation seen in this study would be well explained, simply, by relatively small differences in Lamax. That would mean %LT and vLT are not actually independent from performance level, as you stated. Rather, vLT is not explained well by %VO2max alone. However, add Lamax to the mix, and both a relationship and explanation appears. This could be referred to as a eureka moment.