stats guru wrote:
I am curious if there are any estimates of how many patients are saved by being hospitalized as opposed to if a bed was not available. My sense is that the difference is miniscule. Patients may be made more comfortable and many are saved but most of those would have recovered at home anyway.
Alright, so I'm going to preface this with the fact that I'm obviously not a clinician of any kind, but my education is in public health and epidemiology and I've worked in healthcare for 12 years.
So a while back in the news when this was all still new in the USA, it was reported - and this is still true - that there is no cure for COVID and all we can do is treat symptoms. This is not the same as just making patients comfortable. There are actual therapies being delivered that lead to better outcomes than no therapies at all. Many of the patients that become seriously or critically ill have underlying illness, whether its cardiovascular, renal, whatever. For example, a patient with chronic kidney disease will have a higher chance of being critically ill from COVID. The infection will hinder respiratory efficiency and lead to lower blood oxygen saturation which will impair kidney function further which will lead to a buildup of fluid in the heart and lungs which will further impair respiratory efficiency, which will further impair kidney function...you get the idea. For someone like that, the simple act of delivering oxygen and managing fluids could save their life. Same as folks with diabetes or any number of other common illnesses. The other benefit to hospitalization is that many patients seem to be doing reasonably well, and then crash very sharply in a very short amount of time. Already being in a hospital and being able to be quickly transferred to an ICU is huge in those situations.
I'm not sure if you're a stats guru or if that's just your name, but either way, the specific numbers are obviously still a little fuzzy right now. We can be reasonably confident that the hospital reported deaths are in the ballpark. What we have no idea about is the number of deaths at home or in nursing homes. On average, pre-COVID, 145 people die per day in NYC. About 25 people per day die at home. In late March, it was up to 125 per day dying at home. This past week there have been days were over 250 people died at home. For the most part, these deaths are not counted in the COVID totals. That will all have to be counted later. Not all of the increase in deaths is directly COVID related. There are people who aren't taking their medications because they're afraid or unable to go out. People who normally have help taking care of themselves who no longer are getting that help. People who don't go to the ER for a heart attack because they're afraid of getting COVID. But let's assume that many of them are directly COVID related. That's thousands of additional deaths from COVID that as of right now are unreported. Once we get a handle on the number of people who were infected but not hospitalized, we'll be able to calculate a death rate for people who were hospitalized vs people who were hospitalized.
Another set of numbers relevant to your question is the number of folks that are hospitalized that require serious medical care, vs the ones who do not. It's pretty safe to assume that most of the folks who require serious medical interventions would die without them and would not have recovered at home. Around 20% of those hospitalized end up in the ICU for some length of time.
A final thing to look at in the value of hospitalization, is the outcomes between total recovery and death. There's a whole spectrum there. It's not just "oh you recovered, you're fine" or "sorry, you're dead". There are degrees of lung damage, of organ damage, of neurological damage. When you're in a hospital, you're constantly having your blood analyzed and having your care catered to your specific situation at any given time. There are signals that a doctor might see in your lab results or other monitoring that indicate that it's time to start a certain intervention, or that you're experiencing a cytokine storm, or that your immune system is or is not doing well. If you're at home, you don't get any of that. Your care at the hospital may have determined whether you make a full recovery or whether you can't walk up the stairs without taking a breather.
All of that said, if you're not sick enough to need those interventions, which is true for that vast majority of people, then the hospital doesn't have much to offer other than a bed less comfortable than the one you have at home. You might get oxygen and and electrolytes, but you're probably better off at home. If you show up to the hospital and you don't need the hospital, they'll send you home.