rekrunner wrote:
Why just "blood doping"? What about the "Duchess Cocktail", a mixture of three steroids?
The "Duchess Cocktail" (oxandrolone, methenolone, and trenbolone)was used exclusively at Sochi and not so much with the Russian mid-d & distance runners:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.businessinsider.com/russia-drugs-sochi-athletes-performance-2016-5%3fampThe Russian women were using turinbol as their primary androgen in conjunction with EPO use. One of the steroids in the "Duchess Cocktail," oxandrolone or Anavar, was used in some cases. For example, per the ARD-recordings, 800m specialist Savinova (Dague & London gold - 10th all time) mentions not wanting to use turinbol or testosterone because of the concerns with "growing a beard" and developing a "male voice." Her coached switched her to the less androgenic but more anabolic oxandrolone. Poistagova also said she used oxandrolone and EPO in the lead-up to the London Games.
So, from the evidence we have the doping programs used by the Russian women which is primarily a cocktail of EPO and turinbol and/or oxandrolone. Three of their top runners were not only found guilty of ABP-hematological anomalies (99.9 specificity) violations, but had a secondary violation testing positive for turinbol:
Zaripova (SC) Dague & London gold (10th all time) - ABP violation & a re-test from London positive for turinbol.
Chernova (Heptathlon) Dague gold/London bronze - ABP violation & ae-test from London for turinbol.
Abitova (10,000/marathon) EC gold & silver (40th all time) ABP violation & a re-test from Beijing for turinbol.
There doesn't seem to be any evidence of blood transfusion practices with them during that time frame per the recordings - just EPO & the steroids. In McLaren, marathoner Shobukhova mentions using transfusions around the time frame when she won 2011 Chicago running the 2nd fastest marathon ever at that time. The results were annulled for an ABP-hematological anomalies violation.