testing wrote:
Who gets tested and when?
TL;DNR: In the US, there are basically two groups that get tested: Elite athlete, and people who compete in events that require drug testing.
The USADA, along with the governing body for each sport, determines who is an elite athlete. In track, elites include runners on national teams, professionals, and so on. Elites go into a testing pool, which means they can be tested at any time, not just at races. Elites are in the "whereabouts system," which means they have to tell the USADA where they are at all times, so they can be randomly tested.
The USADA, along with the various governing bodies, determine which events will require drug tests. In track, these include Nationals, Olympic Trials and so on. The managers of other races may also decide to require drug testing for their race as well. Usually, the top finishers in every race have to be tested, along with a random sample of other runners. (Testing is expensive, so many race managers elect not to require it.)
Thus, a hobby-jogger who runs the Boston Marathon might get tested, although it's unlikely.
I've left out a lot of the specific details. You can find them on the USADA website:
https://www.usada.org/resources/faq/