The majority of qualifiers come from Boston or other flat marathons. The impact of net downhill marathons is negligible. I am aware of CIM (2600 qualifying times) and its 340 foot drop. Over 26 miles, that averages to 13 feet. I do not consider that a significant drop, especially because of the uphills. I am sure plenty of people will disagree, but when compared to the St. George marathon (2600 foot drop), the CIM's net downhill is small.
The BAA does not need to adjust its 5 and 10K races or add incentives. They sell out already.
Adding more races would be nice, but the City of Boston has been hesitant to allow any new races because there are already so many. Moving outside the city is a challenge because other cities and towns are in the same position as Boston. Newton's website announced a moratorium on new races, for example.
The BAA is never going to alter its qualifying to include distances shorter than a marathon. They'll never change their name either. Suggesting that it do so makes little sense, because the BAA has been around for over 132 years.
Asking marathons to pay a fee to call itself a qualifier is unnecessary. The BAA has about one million dollars above its costs each year. And, the BAA staff would be forced to field every phone call from runners who were unaware their marathon was not eligible.
Long term, everyone needs to settle down. The field size will increase. Additionally, the pool of available qualified runners is going to shrink in the next 3-4 years. The 'boom' of runners between 2006 and about 2016 is either holding flat or in decline. Younger kids, those under 30, do not want to run the distance. If there is a recession, that too will have an impact on the industry's participation numbers. In total, it will be easier to get into Boston (provided you hit the BQ), in the future.