Reading about the top athletes of the past, we can clearly understand the big changes in training, at the base of the big improvement in the performances.
Of course, to know the training of top athletes of 70-40 years ago is very interesting under two perspectives : the HISTORICAL period, that was a period of transition between an amateur mentality and a professional mentality, and the TECHNICAL period, that can show the various schools and the results achieved using their principles.
To know about the history of the methodology is very interesting, because can give us the base for understanding why we DON'T HAVE to follow the same principles today, if we want results. And the analysis of the TECHNICAL periods give us NUMBERS for corroborating what I said above.
The PB of Gordon Pirie were 3'59"9 in one mile (which puts him in the position 1252 all time at the moment), 7'52"8 in 3000m (n. 1349 all time), 13'36"8 in 5000m (n. 2006 all time) and a ridiculous 29'15"49 in 10000m, events he didn't like and ran 3 times only, dropping out in Melbourne Olympics when understood could not win against Vladimir Kuts.
Only for giving some data, till now 4780 athletes ran under 29', and probably with the update of the lists at the end of the season we can have almost 5000 athletes under that limit.
What can se learn from the old system ? We can learn what we have NOT to do : a lot of volume at very slow intensity, that is completely useless for running long distances fast.
Look, for example, at Emil Zatopek. He was already the WR holder of 5000m and 1000m, and in 1954 was able to improve both the WR in 48 hours, running under 14' (13'57"2) and under 29' (28'54"2), becoming the first man under 29'. These are two performances by far better of the current WR of women. Instead, his PB in marathon, achieved winning Olympics in 1952 (performance which put Emil at top level in the athletic history, because till now nobody was able to win Olympic Gold in 5000m, 10000m and Marathon in the same edition), that is 2h23'03", only in this season was already achieved by 30 athletes, and in the all time list 106 athletes till now were able running faster.
Which the technical teachment can be ? That volume at low intensity, after the period of BASIC AEROBIC FUNDATION, doesn't have any reason to remain in the training of top athletes, if not as REGENERATION of the real training. All the processes that physiologists discovered from 80 years ago (interval - training for improving the heart activity, long continuous slow run for increasing the capillarization), in different Countries, and that are still at the base of the preparation, now have a short duration, because the change of physiological parameters can be achieved in short time, and later we need to look at a continuous increase of the INTENSITY.
Some time, we look at the past with nostalgy : this can teach us something interesting about the evolution of the methods, but is a mistake if we think those system are still valid for producing top results.