what is the effect of training? or do you mean what are the affects of training?
i dont quite follow, but i think you meant option 2
well that depends there mr self proclaimed guru messiah....what kind of training?
so you prob mean endurance training? just trying to clarify
if so.....
the effects of endurance training is multifaceted, benefits include, lower resting HR, increased stroke volume of the heart, increased blood plasma, lower blood pressure, and more and larger mitochondria. more blood vessels and capillaries are formed, and this also allows for increased heat dissipation during strenuous exercise. the body becomes more efficient at burning fat stores for energy.
with these effects, a runner in particular will now now have a higher lactate threshold, and thus will be able to maintain a lower HR at a faster pace than the less trained version of himself.
training at altitude forces the runner to produce more EPO. more EPO means more of everything in the bonuses of endurance training. the body has a "governor" on many systems and processes in the body, and there can only be a certain amount of EPO the body will create NATURALLY, as this causes thicker blood.
when a person takes synthetic EPO they are going above the bodies NATURAL ability and "governor" limit. if you train at altitude you get the double whammy. this is dangerous...but risks vs reward comes into play
if say hypothetical runner is in great fitness and has his natural EPO levels MAXED out, and does his AT runs at 135-140 bpm @ 4:55 mile pace.
this same runner takes synthetic EPO under the watchful guidance of someone who is on the up and up on blood values and staying in specs.....and now he has ELEVATED past his NATURAL levels of what his body is capable of having. but now his AT runs at 135-140 bpm he runs 4:47 mile pace.
now sure you will mock me with my shortened and non medical terms but whatever. training is pretty simple. dont get into running at anaerobic for as long as possible at the fastest pace and.....you win. there are many so called experts on here that claim you can do this from short miles at fast pace, or intervals, or long slow runs or this or that.....its pretty simple, and EPO helps and how it helps is simple. yes i know the more the studies come out the more it turns out it does, like magnifies the ability of the mitochondria and cellular function, and i have a thought that synthetic EPO has a molecular structure that is diff than real EPO and thus can attach to different protein receptors, hmm like any other drug.