The parties in that ruling were WADA, the BOA, and CAS (and not the IAAF).
The BOA had a long-standing bylaw that banned drug offenders for life, making them ineligible for selection to the Olympics. WADA argued that the BOA bylaw was not compliant with the WADA code, because it was effectively a double punishment. CAS agreed. This was not about human rights abuse, but about creating a universal standard for all countries.
This CAS ruling, and the overturning of the IOC "Osaka" Rule 45, suggests that any lifetime ban by any nation or organisation will be unenforceable, unless it is introduced by WADA into the WADA code.
An attempt to introduce the Osaka Rule into the code in 2013 was dropped (amid fears of legal challenges), replaced with harsher sanctions "doubling the length of suspension for serious offenders and widening the scope for anti-doping organisations to impose lifetime bans."