Not a freak wrote:
1. If it goes poorly the runner's confidence is shot.
2. If it goes poorly they most likely still put in too great an effort during the 1/2 due to training fatigue, over-training, not tapering, all of which will take some time to recover from (more than a few days, which most runners cannot do for fear of detraining).
3. If it goes well they may have extended themselves too much and have left their marathon on the 1/2 course.
4. A 1/2 is still a long race, demanding sufficient recovery, if proper recovery is not given then they may train harder than they should too close to the marathon and get to the starting line flat and not fully rested.
5. Most runners do not taper for the pre-marathon 1/2, increasing their likeli hood of all of the above.
I have a different take than "Not a freak"
(1) If it goes poorly it's no big deal - they're training for a different event at a different point in time and confidence "should" remain intact.
(2) If it goes poorly, it's probably because they didn't rest up for it, as planned. If they are training-fatigued, overtrained, whatever, they are doomed for the marathon in 4 weeks anyway, and not doing a half won't change that.
(3) If it goes well, it's a bonus -- if they run a good half when prepping for a marathon, just imagine what they'll do in a marathon
(4) Agree about recovering. Just as from a super hard non-race workout. But bad tapering / obsessive last-minute training would be a risk for that type of runner regardless.
(5) If racing a half increases risks, they are not properly trained for the marathon so it just doesn't matter.