The problem in the population:medal ratio differential between Ireland and the US is the fact that the Irish have been able to enter three athletes per event for the majority of the time the Olympics have been in operation, which is the same as the States. There will be many occasions where the fourth-ranked American was able to win a medal at the Olympics but they were barred from competition. Had this situation been reversed, and the Americans were able to enter 318/4.6 = 69.13 (2 d.p) more athletes in every respective event, I suspect the Irish would be well behind the Americans in terms of medals won, Olympic golds, and finals reached per athlete.