I wouldn't dismiss the possibility of a federal criminal investigation and/or eventual charges.
Something that has been pointed out is Salazar's rather bold admission that he applied testosterone cream to his son. Testosterone is a schedule III drug subject to federal control and prosecution.
http://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml
Whether or not you believe Alberto's "sabotage prevention" explanation, it is all but certain that his son did not have a prescription for testosterone.
http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jun/25/allegations-alberto-salazar-response
"ProPublica have since spoken to Brown, who said he did not prescribe a controlled substance for Salazar’s son or other research subjects as part of an experiment. “No, absolutely not,” Brown said. “I didn’t do that, and would not do that.”
That means that Alberto appears to have illegally distributed a schedule III drug during that test. This could definitely open Alberto up to serious consequences if the DOJ decided to pick up the case. This is somewhat similar to how Barry Bonds trainer, Greg Anderson, got caught up in the BALCO case and ended up doing time.
If the DOJ were to pick up the case, the critical testimony would not come from Alberto, who would almost certainly, and understandably, take the 5th. The critical witness would be Alberto's own son who likely would not be facing charges himself. I suppose the son could be guilty of possession but I imagine the DOJ would offer immunity in exchange for testimony regarding Alberto.
Unless I'm missing something, it doesn't matter what explanation is given for the test. The fact that AS conducted it and his son didn't have a prescription is a de facto violation. AS and the NOP medical team/ consultants don't have a whole lot of room to maneuver. If AS conducted the test without MD approval/ prescription , Alberto broke the law. If AS got some doctor other than Dr. Brown to sign off on the test and prescribe meds to Alex Salazar, that doctor likely broke the law himself or at least the acceptable guidelines for steroid prescriptions.
If Alberto ran the test as he said he did, there is, or at least was, a paper trail at the Aegis lab Alberto references in his response. The feds could start a serious investigation solely on the information that came out in the last month. If they find out doctors were involved in distributing testosterone for non-medical purposes, I would not be surprised to see people start to roll as licenses and livelihoods are put on the line.