Track athletes salaries are a big mystery because they are highly incentive based. There are appearances fees and prize money for place in a race but your primary money comes for your shoe contract which could be something like $30k base plus incentives. Obviously the base salary is dependent on how good you are. But its usually not a lot. A six figure base is for an extra special runner. The incentives are where guys can really make money. Incentives can be your ranking in US or World, placing at US, Olympic, and World Camps and setting a US or world record. Also your picture on the cover or inside a magazine (of course wearing singlet with shoe company Logo), and so on. Also keep in mind your agent gets a percentage of EVERYTHING(may be 15-20%). Usually all money goes to them, they takes their cut and then cut you a check. The problem with track is it's like a commission job. You got to perform to get paid. You can have a great year make 150k then get hurt the next year and make 30k. And obviously when you're done all the money stops coming in. NBA, NFL, MLB, are all way better options even if you’re a bench warm. Oliver makes most of his money from appearance fees. When you have the ability to break a world record anything you set foot on the track you make top dollar. I would guess the top European meets pay him anywhere from 40k-80k just to toe the line.
I've notice most contracts go up to the Olympic year. In other words they sign you up based on what they think you can do at the Olymics. So god forbid you're a promising talent but stunk it up at the trials and didn't make the olympic team, your contract will be drastically smaller the next year.