Quick Methods Overview:
We had 7 female and 10 male competitive distance athletes run at 6:25 and 5:40 min/mile, respectively, while wearing the Nike Dragonfly AFT spikes, On Cloudspike 10,000 m AFT spikes, Nike Vaporfly 2 AFT shoes, and Nike Victory 3 traditional spikes. Each participant ran 4, 5-minute trials in each shoe condition while we recorded their running economy (a measure of the energy produced by a runner's aerobic metabolism) and biomechanics.
Key Take Aways:
- Running economy improved by an average of 2.1% while wearing AFT spikes and shoes compared to traditional spikes. A 2.1% improvement in running economy is predicted to improve the race time of a 30 minute 10,000 m runner by 25 seconds or 1.4%. This finding lines up very well with a previous study we published where we found that average top 100 10,000 m race times for males and females improved by ~1.3% since the introduction of AFT spikes in 2020 even when considering historical improvement trends. Link:
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00610.2024
- We found no difference in running economy between the AFT spikes and AFT shoes. Although AFT spikes and shoes are limited to stack heights at or under 20 mm for NCAA and World Athletics sanctioned track races, our results suggest that the Nike Vaporfly 2 shoes would provide no performance benefit relative to the Nike Dragonfly and On Cloudspike 10,000 m spikes. This finding raises the question of why AFT road shoes are banned from use during distance track races.
Limitations:
- Since we measured each participant’s aerobic metabolism to derive running economy, we were limited to testing speeds at or slower than threshold effort. Thankfully, previous research has shown that improvements in sub-threshold running economy are directly related to improved race performance with every 1% improvement in running economy corresponding with ~0.7% improvement in race speed while running at ~3 min/km.
- The benefits of AFT spikes and shoes are likely speed dependent. Our results show that running economy improved at sub-threshold speeds for competitive runners, but previous studies of race times have shown that the benefits of AFT spikes and shoes decrease as running speed increases
(https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00610.2024).
- The AFT shoes we used are multiple generations old. Unfortunately, academic research is slow but I believe it is a safe assumption that the current generation of AFT spikes and shoes improve performance beyond what we found in this study.
