I'm not talking specifically a CEO, but someone like CFO, CTO, CIO, maybe a SVP. In my experiences, it seems like hard work and being good at your job aren't the primary factors. I work in Big Tech with a lot of brilliant* people and with good mid-level managers and directors, but unfortunately most of them will never reach this level because of a few reasons I'll list below.
I'm sure a good argument will happen on this thread...but I've seen people only reach this level by:
1. Another executive at the top knows them and moves them into this role to further enforce the directions they want to take the company. Essentially, they are a lap dog/yes person who were good at kissing a**.
2. Nepotism. A "family owned" business like Ford where anyone with the last name Ford immediately gets put into a power position.
3. Another executive at the top hires a friend from the outside, therefore they never had to climb the latter at the company and just are placed at the top without really earning it.
I've met some of these executives and I never walk away being impressed by them. They just seem like guys/girls who were just well connected and really didn't any sort of engaging leadership skill.
*Note - I was average college student who worked hard and applied over and over to big tech jobs until one of them took me. I do not classify myself as "brilliant", but good at a few things that my employer needs.