A long time ago, a mid-42s 10k female in her 20s asked me for help, because she was stuck in the mid-42s.
I was running competitively at that time, but gave her workouts for the next month leading up to the area's big 10k race. So, in just one month, she ran 40:14 and placed 4th at the Phoenix 10k.
Mileage is not the answer. I cut down the mileage in her weekly workouts, as it was not doing her any good except as exercise.
Nor is running repeat 800s or 1600s, unless it is just a few.
Workout weeks:
2 fast days, 2 med days, and 2 easy days.
Since you are over 40, maybe you want 1 fast day, 2 med, 3 easy.
a) The fast day should be just that--fast.
Run 16 x 200m with 200m jog at 1600m pace.
Or 2 x (3 x 400m) at 1600m pace, with 200m jog between intervals and 10 minutes between sets.
Or 3 x 800m at 1600m pace, with 8 min recovery. This is a great workout for the 5k and 10k
Or 5 x 600m at 1600m pace, with 6 min recovery.
b) One medium day should be med-paced ladders:
600m, 400m, 300m, 200m, 100m, with 400m jog between and at 1600m pace for the 600,400,300; and 800m pace for the 200,100.
Or 1200m, 1000m, 600m, 300m all at 3200m pace, with 2 minutes recovery
Or 2 x 600m with 200m jog, then 2 x 400m with 200m jog, then 4 x 200m with 200m jog; all at 3200m pace.
c) Other medium day should be 4-6 miles.
Please do not train on roads or sidewalks. If you are now, you will be shocked how much faster you race when you refuse to train on hard surfaces (except when on the track).
By the way, if there is some trail or dirt path or grass path that you can approximately guess the distances for intervals, train there rather than the hard track.
The easy days are runs up to 10 miles, but 5-7 miles are plenty.
Core work is critical, and weights, even if you do low weights with higher reps (as most women choose) because your foot strike and the body's ability to transmit the energy efficiently is very important to running good times.
Running is jumping forward without slowing the hip rotation (as opposed to triple jumping or bounding, where the hip rotation slows). Most runners I see roll over their feet because of momentum, and this is not how to get good times. That technique, along with a weak core, requires a lot of mileage to get the same results as someone doing much less.