About 90 Americans have been banned for performance-enhancing drugs over the years.
Also, whoever said that out-of-competition testing in Kenya was common in the 1990s, no it wasn't. It wasn't until recently that a WADA approved lab was even set up in Kenya.
They are being tested much more now and are getting caught. It is not a race thing because almost all of the top sprinters have been caught, who are almost exclusively black.
It is not a nation thing because people from all over the world are being caught.
The thing with Kenya and Ethiopia is that there was this purity thing sold to the world: live close to the earth, run to school and back all through childhood, eat simple and healthy and live at elevation.
That is apparently not enough. many of the top Kenyans are getting caught for EPO or some other PED. Kipsang was honoured similar to Kipchoge until Kipchoge came along.
It is even more difficult to get into Ethiopia with testing equipment.
When a Kenyan athletes or any third-world athletes has an opportunity to set themselves up for life with a major marathon win, getting caught is not as big a deal because WADA, the race, nor the rightful prize winner will be able to get the prize money back.
It's a joke.
Another issue is if your doping control officers in Kenya are Kenyan, then they are prone to extortion because it is a corrupt society more than Europe and North America.
The doping control officers should not be Kenyan.