Hear me out. The definition of "fartlek" is essentially you go out for a run and do the whole "speed play" thing. You get creative -- from this sign to that sign, on a golf course you do the tee to the green, or you just surge for as long as you want and float off.
Somewhere along the line, the fartlek became more structured with set timed reps. And sometimes we really slog through the "off" portion of it which turns it into an informal interval session. Which is fine, but is it necessary?
Let's assume we have a really highly trained, smart athlete who's been at this for a while. For the base phase, we say, you're doing one tempo (straight, broken, whatever) and one fartlek per week at 10K effort at the fastest. Get creative, have fun -- you can do it literally however you like, but make sure you're running the offs at *not* a jog and not really looking at the watch. They'll do some glorified strides and hills throughout the phase as well.
Now let's assume we have an identical athlete who does the same schedule as above, but instead he has a structured approach to the fartlek. Again, they won't really be jogging the offs, but they'll have the classic fartlek workout structure, with set on and off periods.
Will Athlete 2 really get in better shape than Athlete 1? Conversely, is Athlete 1 doing a disservice to himself by not using the structured approach in the base phase?