Bulworth, I would not claim you are not intelligent. But the sorry fact is that so many young people today are indoctrinated rather than educated, do not think critically, and know next to nothing about economics. By the way, I was a liberal arts major and learned plenty about economics and accounting in the early 80's (albeit at a top 10 school).
The primary reason corporations should "not pay taxes" is that corporations are subject to double taxation - first at the corporate level and then again at the level of distribution to shareholders. We could have no corporate tax, and tax only at the level of distribution, and collect plenty of revenue if we broadened the base. This would make corporate behavior more efficient as the corporates who make business, and not tax related decisions.
I have posted here before on this subject. My tax professor was the spouse of perhaps our most liberal Supreme Court justice. A brilliant man he was. He pointed out that corporate tax receipts are year in and year out about the same percentage of total tax revenue - corporations pay about the same every year. This makes sense, especially for large corporations who can move people, assets and cash around the globe at light speed. We would be better off with lower, flatter rates and a much broader bases (an absence of loopholes). This professor also stated there was not a corporate tax rule in existence the effects of which could not be deferred, mitigated, or otherwise not realized.
Most people fail to understand that raising tax rates is not exogenous to both economic behavior and revenue - raising rates can have significant impacts on both - often negative.
Most people fail to understand that high marginal rates in and of themselves mean nothing - what is important is the interplay between marginal rates and the base. Politicians like to talk about high marginal rates because it feeds low information voters who want to get "theirs".
One more thing. The large global companies right now like the tax system. And they like the way Democrats operate. High rates with "loopholes" give Government considerable power, and the large corporations are not shy about lobbying or moving assets and cash and people overseas. They pay a much lower rate than the stated marginal rate, and generate cash and profit with minimal tax liability. The problem is that the small to mid-size businesses cannot do this, and they thus operate at a significant disadvantage to the global enterprises. Of course, the small to mid-size businesses are the ones which typically engage in lots of hiring, so this wonderful "lets make corporations" transfer their wealth scheme hurts the honest middle class people tremendously. Of course, mention this in the company of progressives, and they look at you like you are nuts. But frankly, who cares? Our economic policies are crushing the middle class, unless you define middle class as the lucky few able to get a public sector, protected job.