There is no "population dilemma". There are more than enough resources on this planet for everyone to have want they need to sustainably live a comfortable and good life. The problem is that capitalism is by and large extremely wasteful and allows profits to be taken without accounting for human and environmental costs (i.e. externalities). Poor countries with huge populations use very little in resources compared to rich countries. India's energy consumption is 637 kg of oil equivalent. India has 1.3 billion people. The US's energy consumption is 6,797 kg of oil equivalent. The US has 325 million people. Japan consumes about half as much energy as the US does per capita because Japan has mandated strict energy efficiency standards for everything from homes to fax machines. The cost of fossil fuels does not account for damage to the environment or to people. If it did, renewables would immediately be infinitely more cost effective.
The other problem is that politicians readily direct financial resources towards massive amounts of military spending ($1.7 trillion globally for one year) but put virtually nothing towards renewable energy (@$100 billion worldwide in various subsidies). Estimates on the cost to replace all fossil fuels with renewable energy range from 20 trillion to 30 trillion. If every country in the world directed their military budget to renewable energy conversion, we could be 100% renewable in 10-15 years while having full employment from all the conversion projects (military spending actually has a very low employment yield by comparison).
But as long as their is a nice man on youtube with gumballs fronting for a virulently racist anti-immigrant group, we have to find a way to keep all those brown people from multiplying.