You are again not correct calling me a liar, when simply I share with everybody my experiences and the final belief that from my experiences I can have.
Instead filling every thread with the same articles, of course the only one supporting your obsession of 4%, why don't you try to see also some other research, that can show different results ?
For example, you can go again in the research about the 48 cyclists climbing Mont Ventoux.
Honestly, I have difficulty to follow the discussion, full of English words that I don’t know, but I understand that all the discussion is based on theorical assumptions, and not on results produced in practice.
I liked the way the experiment/research with the 48 cyclists was carried out. Firstly, the high number of subjects. Secondly, the final conclusions, that, according to the researchers, clearly show a dichotomy between the results in the lab and the results on the road.
Cycling is, of course, different from running. But in this case, I think the test can present several factors in common between the two disciplines.
Where is the PRACTICE of cycling different from running ?
In the continue variation of the HR, depending on the tactical situation of the race. And, especially, it’s different if we look at the great competitions with 20 stages in 22 days, such as Tour de France, Giro d’Italia and Vuelta de Espana.
While in running we can have the full control of our effort in training, in cycling this is not possible, because the intensity of the race depends of choices of the other participants, especially if inside a strong team.
For that reason, the recovery between one stage and the other is one of the most important factors, in order to be competitive at the higher level for all the period of the Tour.
So, following the common belief that EPO can increase the ability to recover, in this case the administration can produce some advantage.
But to speak about the increased recovery in athletics like a factor that can determine improvement in the final performance is methodologically wrong.
In training, the recovery depends on the intensity of the workout. The main goal is to be able to carry out workouts of high stimulus for the body, reaching volumes and intensities bigger than in the past. The recovery AFTER these workouts has the goal to allow the body to SUPERCOMPENSATE, making the athlete, after the supercompensation (or overcompensation), stronger than before.
For reaching this goal, it’s not important if the recovery is 2 days or 5 days : the OPTIMAL recovery is when the very tough training is completely absorbed by the body, and produces physiological variations at the base of every improvement in the performance.
So, when we train an athlete we can look at the INDIVIDUAL situation, having full control in what he is doing, something that in the case of cyclists can’t happen, because if they want to be competitive their effort depends on the general situation of the race, and they have to use all their energy almost every day, if interested in the final overall classification.
Hoever, if we look at TEMPO RACES (or, for example, at the WR of one hour, that is ATHLETICS on a bike as type of effort),
we can see great analogy between running and cycling.
The research has some point very interesting :
a) "the best predictor of time trial performance in highly trained athletes is muscle oxidative capacity, in contrast to the best predictor of maximal power output, which is oxygen delivery. The absence of a clear effect on average power in the submaximal test does not support an effect of rHuEPO on oxidative capacity".
The trial test carried out by the subjects of the research (climbing Mont Ventoux) had a duration of 1h40’, at even level of effort, so can be considered around the effort of a marathon runner when goes for about 30-32 km. For marathon runners, the most important physiological factor is the MUSCLE OXYDATIVE CAPACITY, while in all the researches looking at the effects of EPO the physiologists look at the TIME OF EXHAUSTION, that is connected with the oxygen delivery.
This clearly can explain something that seems the most part of people here are not able to understand : if we look at the advantages of EPO, this is in the increased AEROBIC POWER connected with the MAXIMAL OUTPUT, while is not a factor when we go for some race that, looking at the duration, can use only a PERCENTAGE of the maximal output.
In other words, EPO can help short distance, but, longer is the race, less advantage we can have, that is exactly the opposite of the LINEAR PROGRESSION somebody (obviously not knowing anything about athletics) tries to purpose (30” for 5000m, 1’ for 10000m, 2’ for HM and 4’ for full marathon, considering for every distance the SAME percentage, that ridiculous 4% that is in some study of people expert of Medicine but not of sport).
b) "The size of our study might have generated insufficient statistical power to detect a difference on the road race. However, for an effect of doping to be relevant for cyclists, it should have a clear effect on time trial or race performance. The absence of an effect of rHuEPO treatment on both a 45-min submaximal exercise test and a road race indicates that the effect is at best very small, and disappears in all other variability that is present during such an event.
While in the lab scientists can control any percentage of improvement, to transfer those percentage on the REAL PRACTICAL ACTIVITY is not possible".
The improvement they can control in a lab regards OBJECTIVE parameters (such as Hb, Hct, retycolocytes, number of RBC, etc…). And there is the WRONG idea that higher is the Hct, for example, faster the athletes can run. This is not true, because when we enhance the Hct over the natural level of the subject, we go to stimulate other situations in the body that don’t allow the athlete to use the supplement of value connected with the maximal power output.
We have to think that the goal of a coach is not to win the championships of the highest Hct, but to coach athletes to reach their best in their event, that is their distance in running.
d) "Moreover, effects on relevant performance measures were small, largely disappeared in the submaximal test, and were undetectable in a real-life cycling race".
This means that the COMPETITION is based on many factors, among them we need to create the best balance. When we go to analyze in a lab ONE SINGLE FACTOR, we forget a lot of combinations, that are the one creating the performance.
e) "In summary, we showed that it is possible to test potential doping substances in well controlled clinical trials and that results are much less pronounced than claimed in popular literature and accounts. More clinical research like this study will provide the evidence base for the prohibited list and might lead to more focused attention and adequate information to athletes and their medical staff. Overall, the results of our study showed that rHuEPO treatment enhanced performance in well trained cyclists in a laboratory-based maximal exercise test leading to exhaustion, but did not improve submaximal exercise test or road race performance".
I think this conclusion MUST give to all people overrating the effects of EPO on the performances, something to think about.
Some value (like 4% of increase) is clearly absurd, and absolutely not connected with the reality.
And I tell you another thing : if we have two groups of athletes like in the last research of Yannis (both with average of 63’ in HM and 2:12’ in Marathon), one group taking EPO and the other without EPO, but able changing training going to better volume and intensity, athletes with training only (when training is more effective) are, of sure, able to achieve a higher improvement than the athletes taking EPO but maintaining their usual training.
This because, if you ran 63’ and 2:12’, there are only two options : or you don’t have a real talent, so are not part of the subjects who are at the top of the world lists, and any test with you can’t be transferred to the leading group ; or you have a good talent, so your training is ridiculous, also if the researchers call it “well trained”.
And, in all those researches, I continue not to find the word TRAINING connected with something not generic, but really specific under the methodological point of view.