The location is very important.
Clenbuterol is not used in US cows. Zeranol is used in US cows.
After concluding that it was “highly unlikely that the presence of zeranol in Wilson’s sample resulted from a source other than zeranol contaminated meat,” USADA ruled that Wilson will not face a ban, but the 1:58.27 she ran in New York will not be ratified as the new American indoor record.
“USADA made it clear that we could not race until we settle[d] the issue,” said Wilson’s coach Derek Thompson. “She missed World Relays or another race or two. But they said until the matter was cleared up, they said we couldn’t race and we [weren’t] going to take that chance.”
After receiving news of the positive test in March, Thompson was shocked. “I didn’t have a clue what zeranol is and she didn’t have a clue what zeranol is [before the positive test], but hopefully it’s over with and we can move forward,” Thompson said.
Wilson’s lawyer reached out to Dr. Helmut Zarbl, a toxicology expert at Rutgers University. After quizzing Wilson on her meals before the race, Thompson said that Zarbl determined that the zeranol likely stemmed from some oxtails Wilson ate at a Jamaican restaurant the night before her race. Thompson said that Wilson also had some leftover oxtails for lunch on the day of her race.
Zeranol is used in US beef cattle. Zeranol is legal in the U.S. but banned in the European Union.
http://www.letsrun.com/news/2017/06/ajee-wilsons-coach-derek-thompson-says-dont-anything-hide-coming-win-usas/
The Food Industry article showed that the EU has no clenbuterol in the meat supply, so eating contaminated cows is not a plausible explanation in Europe.
No traces of clenbuterol were found in more than 19,000 animal samples tested in Spain between 2008 and 2009, and only one positive was found among 83,000 samples tested in the EU during the same period.
Contador's 'eating contaminated cows in SPAIN' explanation failed and he was finally given a doping sanction.
In MEXICO, clenbuterol has been banned in meat products for a number of years, the drug was found in the urine of 109 soccer players from MULTIPLE countries who were participating in the under-17 world soccer championship in June/ July 2011.
Government inspectors in Mexico shut down 14 livestock markets where 99% of 6,421 MEAT SAMPLES TESTED POSITIVE FOR CLENBUTEROL.
Eating contaminated cows in Mexico is a very plausible explanation for a clenbuterol positive on a doping test with NO FAULT by the athlete. This is a very good reason to give a reduced ban.
For example:
February 2, 2017
USADA announced today that Fernando Cabada, of Lakewood, Colo., has tested positive for a prohibited substance, which was determined to have been ingested by him without fault or negligence.
Cabada, 34, tested positive for trace amounts of clenbuterol as the result of an out-of-competition urine sample he provided on December 6, 2016. Clenbuterol is an Anabolic Agent prohibited at all times under the USADA Protocol for Olympic and Paralympic Movement Testing, the United States Olympic Committee National Anti-Doping Policies, and the International Association of Athletics Federations, all of which have adopted the World Anti-Doping Code and the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List.
Consistent with numerous prior reported cases globally, the issue of illicit administration of clenbuterol to animals destined for food production can result in, under specific conditions, a positive sample from an athlete. WADA has issued specific warnings about this problem in CHINA and MEXICO.
To USADA’s knowledge, positive tests resulting from meat contamination issues are RARE OUTSIDE OF THOSE TWO COUNTRIES. Moreover, due to strict regulatory and meat certification practices, USADA is not aware of any instances in which an athlete’s sample tested positive for clenbuterol after consumption of meat produced in the U.S.
During its investigation into the circumstances that led to the positive test, USADA gathered evidence from Cabada and reviewed Cabada’s whereabouts, dietary habits, and the laboratory reports demonstrating very low parts per billion concentrations of the prohibited substance in the athlete’s urine sample. USADA concluded that it was highly unlikely that the presence of clenbuterol in the athlete’s sample resulted from a source other than clenbuterol contaminated meat consumed in Mexico.
As a result, Cabada will not face a period of ineligibility for his positive test, and because the sample was collected out-of-competition, there are no competitive results to be disqualified.
https://www.usada.org/fernando-cabada-accepts-finding-of-no-fault/