I found the same. A lot of athletic contitioning is specific to the muscles used in the activity used to get the conditioning (increased mitochondira, capillarisation etc). Put simply your quads are too weak to give your CV system a good workout at the moment.
Switch up the resistance and cadence. I found putting the resistance low but cadence high helped me work up a good sweat. You might find the opposite is true, depending on your makeup.
The erg is a guaranteed cardio bomb and should be gentle enough on your calf. If you know how or want to learn, boxing will get your HR sky-high and is an excellent interval workout. No need to do anything fancy. Just whack at the bag until your heart threatens to explode, which is will surprisingly quickly.