Douglas Hofstatder was at an AI conference about 15 years ago, and had and observation about his bicycle pants clip. It has an infinite number of features, and he rattled off at least a dozen. Presented with this new unknown object, current AI projects would not be able to figure out what it is for.
http://tinyurl.com/oz7hseu
This is not to say that AI in its current form will not grow quickly. It will. Computers are already designing, building and repairing other computers, and anticipating new ideas. But these are within a very narrow realm. They cannot get up off the shop floor, build a laser gun and blow us all away.
It will be interesting, and Bostrom is a very perceptive person, but I think we are a long way off from this.
Alternatively, we program computers in hierarchical binary, but our brains behave more like cellular automata - independent cells each performing a single tasks (like ants in a colony). We would need to create a new computer architecture to really build artificial brains.