A few comments:
I have always lived very close to reservations in South Dakota, Montana and Wyoming. When I was a kid we had dozens of Native American foster siblings in and out of my house. I have been to many pow wows, sweat lodges, The Spiritual Unity of the Tribes (later changed to World) and and feasts welcoming people down from the mountain after a fasting vision quest. From my experience, the Native Americans are extremely diverse from tribe to tribe, and extremely misunderstood. Also, their own culture is not particularly accessible within their own reservations. Most youth don't take part, and do not know their own native languages (those are starting to be studied and preserved in a lot of western universities). I think their desire to be autonomous and to receive reimbursement from 'their' (their is in quotations because the majority of the tribes that I have experience with were nomadic) original land is no longer helping them (particularly with so few actually trying to preserve their culture). The only place where I've seen the reservation system work is in the Lummi Reservation in Washington state. Those people already farmed fish quite successfully, where most other tribes were nomadic, to it was natural to preserve their culture and way of live. For the Sioux who traveled with the buffalo herds, then given a fairly useless piece of land in southern South Dakota and told to farm, it was a complete cultural shock.
One thing that hasn't come up on this forum, even though it's relevant, is that there are dozens of Bill Mills type runners in high school in all of the states I've lived in. If you look at the top ten at state cross county in Montana and South Dakota, there are quite a few Native Americans, and you'll never see them in college. It's really disappointing. In Montana there was a guy named Jeremy Deputy, and another with the last name of Strange Owl (both around 2003 and 2004 I think), and they were relentless competitors and immensely talented. Both won state in Montana and were not academically eligible to compete in college. I was the top x-c runner for a college in Montana at the time and was involved in recruiting trips for both, and was absolutely killed by both runners on a 10 miler. They didn't just run away from you, they very slowly and steadily dropped the pace (almost unnoticeable) to make you think you could hang with them, but just grind you way to oblivion. I've never been so humbled as a runner.
Everyone wonders why America can't compete with the east Africans, and I don't. It's just that the system in place to bring up some of our most genetically gifted runners is absolutely failing them. Perhaps Billy needs to return to the rez and turn things around.